TOPIK Writing Style: Turn Speaking Into “-다” Sentences (3 Simple Rules)-Part 2

TOPIK writing style

🔎 한국어로 읽고 싶어요? 👉 [ 한국어로 읽기 ]

Welcome back! 😊

In Part 1 we learned what the TOPIK writing test looks like.

Today we learn the first real skill of TOPIK writing style: how to change the way you speak into the way you write on the test.

New to this? Don’t worry. There is really just one big idea, plus one small thing to watch. Let’s go slowly, together.

📌 Remember just one thing:
in TOPIK writing style, drop the speaking ending “-아요/어요” and end the sentence with “-다.”
eg. 사람이 많아요 → 사람이 많다

💡One thing to watch:
The exact ending changes a little depending on the word type — noun, verb, or adjective. (Explained below.)

Speaking vs writing

We speak in a friendly way.
But for TOPIK Questions 53 and 54, we write a little differently.

SpeakingWriting (test)
거리에 사람이 많아요.거리에 사람이 많다.
오늘 서울은 날씨가 좋아요.오늘 서울은 날씨가 좋다.
저는 한국 대학교 학생이에요.나는 한국 대학교 학생이다.

Rule 1 — Adjectives and nouns

Adjectives (big, good, many…) and “noun + 이에요/예요” become “-다 / -이다.”

SpeakingWriting
많아요많다
좋아요좋다
학생이에요학생이다
문제예요문제이다

Rule 2 — Past tense

Past “-았어요/었어요” becomes “-았다/었다.” The past meaning stays the same.

SpeakingWriting
많았어요많았다
좋았어요좋았다
만났어요만났다

Rule 3 — Present-tense verbs (watch here ⚠️)

Present-tense verbs are the one different case. They become “-ㄴ다/는다.”
There are just three patterns.

TypeRuleExample
No batchim (final consonant)-ㄴ다가다 → 간다
Has batchim-는다먹다 → 먹는다 / 읽다 → 읽는다
“-하다” verbs-한다공부하다 → 공부한다

The most common mistake: 저 → 나, 제 → 내

📌 Many students forget this!
In speaking we say 저 / 제, but in TOPIK writing style we use 나 / 내.
SpeakingWriting
저는 학생이에요.나는 학생이다.
제 방이 커요. 방이 크다.
제가 만들었어요.내가 만들었다.

So: 저 → 나, 제 → 내, 제가 → 내가. “저/제” are polite speaking words, but writing uses “나/내.”

Longer sentences work the same way

Even in a long sentence, just change the last part.

SpeakingWriting
한국어를 배우는 학생이 많아요.한국어를 배우는 학생이 많다.
저는 친구와 같이 한국 음식을 먹었어요.나는 친구와 같이 한국 음식을 먹었다.

Practice: change speaking into writing ✏️

Change each speaking sentence into TOPIK writing style.
📢 Try it first, then open the answer to check.

1. 거리에 사람이 많아요.

→ (                               )


🔽 See the answer (1)

거리에 사람이 많다.

📝 This is an adjective. Drop “-아요” and add -다. (많아요 → 많다)


2. 오늘 서울은 날씨가 좋아요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (2)

오늘 서울은 날씨가 좋다.

📝 Also an adjective. End it with -다. (좋아요 → 좋다)


3. 저는 한국 대학교 학생이에요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (3)

나는 한국 대학교 학생이다.

📝 “Noun + 이에요/예요” becomes -이다. Also change 저는 → 나는. (학생이에요 → 학생이다)


4. 여기는 제가 다니는 학교예요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (4)

여기는 내가 다니는 학교이다.

📝 “-예요” also becomes -이다. And change 제가 → 내가. (학교예요 → 학교이다)


5. 어제 오랜만에 고향 친구를 만났어요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (5)

어제 오랜만에 고향 친구를 만났다.

📝 It’s the past, so use -았다/었다. The past meaning stays. (만났어요 → 만났다)


6. 학생들이 아침 일찍 학교에 가요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (6)

학생들이 아침 일찍 학교에 간다.

📝 A present-tense verb. No batchim, so -ㄴ다. (가 + ㄴ다 = 간다)


7. 지하철에서 많은 사람들이 책을 읽어요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (7)

지하철에서 많은 사람들이 책을 읽는다.

📝 A present-tense verb. Has batchim, so -는다. (읽 + 는다 = 읽는다)


8. 제 친구가 매일 한국어를 공부해요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (8)

내 친구가 매일 한국어를 공부한다.

📝 “-하다” verbs become -한다. And change 제 → . (공부해요 → 공부한다)


9. 요즘 한국어를 배우는 외국인 학생이 많아요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (9)

요즘 한국어를 배우는 외국인 학생이 많다.

📝 Long sentence, but don’t worry — just change the last part. (많아요 → 많다)


10. 주말에 가족과 같이 공원에 갔어요.

→ (                                )


🔽 See the answer (10)

주말에 가족과 같이 공원에 갔다.

📝 It’s the past, so use -았다/었다. (갔어요 → 갔다)

Remember these 3 things

TypeChange like this
① Adjectives & 이다많아요 → 많다 / 학생이에요 → 학생이다
② Past갔어요 → 갔다 / 먹었어요 → 먹었다
③ Present verbs가요 → 간다 / 먹어요 → 먹는다

Only present-tense verbs use “-ㄴ다/는다.” Everything else is simply “-다.”

Practice 5 more minutes on your own

Think of a sentence you say often.
First write it the speaking way (“-아요/어요”), then change it to TOPIK writing style.
Just 5 sentences a day is enough.

Practice with AI 🤖

If it’s hard to practice alone, you can use an AI.
Copy the text below.

I am a beginner studying TOPIK II writing. Please give me one easy Korean sentence at a time. I will change the “-아요/어요” sentence into a “-다” written sentence. Check if my answer is correct, and if it is wrong, explain why in easy Korean. Please check present-tense verbs (“-ㄴ다/는다”) carefully.

⚠️ AI can make mistakes. Always check important test rules with real past exams or a trusted textbook.

Summary

In TOPIK writing style, instead of speaking words like 많아요 / 학생이에요 / 공부해요, we write 많다 / 학생이다 / 공부한다. You don’t need hard vocabulary yet — first practice writing correct sentences with easy words you already know.
Longer writing comes next.

Great job today!

Practice a little each day, and you can reach the level you want. 🌱

See you in the next lesson!

🔎 Still finding levels 1–2 hard? Review the basics first 👉 [ TOPIK I study ]

❓ FAQ

Q: How do sentences end in TOPIK writing?

A: Most sentences end with “-다.” Example: 사람이 많아요 → 사람이 많다.

Q: Does every word change to “-다”?

A: Adjectives, “-이다,” and the past simply become “-다” (많다, 학생이다, 갔다). Only present-tense verbs change to “-ㄴ다/는다” (가요 → 간다, 먹어요 → 먹는다).

Q: What is the most common student mistake?

A: Using 저 / 제. In written style, change 저 → 나 and 제 → 내.

Q: Do I need to know many difficult words?

A: No. Writing correct sentences with easy words comes first. Longer writing comes after that.


TOPIK I Reading 34–39 ⑤: 9 Korean Particles for the Blank (에 / 에서 · 을/를)

TOPIK I Reading

📌 한국말로 공부하고 싶어요? 👉 [한국어]

Do small Korean particles like 에, 에서, and 을 feel tricky in TOPIK I reading? 😊 Here is the secret: each particle has one clear role. Learn the roles, and these questions become easy!

In questions 34–39, a particle blank tests one small word after a noun. Each TOPIK I reading question is worth 2 points.

Try each one first, then open the answer to check.

① Remember just one thing


A particle attaches to a noun and gives it a role.
Read the sentence, and choose the role it needs.

e.g. 밥 (    ) 먹어요 → “eat WHAT?” → 을 (object)

② Particle card

ParticleRoleExample
이/가subject (who / what)친구가 와요
을/를object (what)밥을 먹어요
place you go to / time학교에 가요
에서place of action / from식당에서 먹어요
하고 (와/과)and, with빵하고 우유
also (too)저도 가요
only물만 마셔요
에게 (한테)to a person친구에게 줘요
of (possession)동생의 가방
📌 -에 vs -에서: 가다 / 오다 → -에 (학교에 가요) · do something → -에서 (학교에서 공부해요)

📌 -을/를: after a final consonant → -을 (밥을) · after a vowel → -를 (사과를)
💡Do you want to study more in detail [-에 vs-에서]? Check this 👉 [ -에 vs -에서 ]

Practice: TOPIK I reading particle blanks

Try each TOPIK I reading question first.

Read the sentence, choose the particle, then open the box to check.

Question 1

저는 베트남(       ) 왔습니다.

① 이② 의③ 에서④ 하고


🔽 See the answer (Question 1)

Q: 저는 베트남( ) 왔습니다.
(I came ( ) Vietnam.)
👉 Came FROM where? (starting place)

A: ✅③ 에서 → “~에서 오다” means “come from ~”. From Vietnam!

① 이 = subject marker (-이/가).

② 의 = of (possession).

④ 하고 = and / with.


💡 Tip: come/came from a country or place → ~에서!


Question 2

형은 학생입니다. 저(       ) 학생입니다.

① 만② 에③ 를④ 도


🔽 See the answer (Question 2)

Q: 형은 학생입니다. 저( ) 학생입니다.
(My older brother is a student. I am ( ) a student.)
👉 Brother is, and I am → “also”?

A: ✅④ 도 → “-도” means “also / too”. I am also a student!

① 만 = only.

② 에 = to a place / time.

③ 를 = object marker (-을/를); a verb should follow.


💡 Tip: same as before (“also”) → -도!


Question 3

시장에서 사과(       ) 배를 삽니다.

① 하고② 만③ 까지④ 에서


🔽 See the answer (Question 3)

Q: 시장에서 사과( ) 배를 삽니다.
(At the market, I buy apples ( ) pears.)
👉 apples “and” pears?

A: ✅① 하고 → “-하고” means “and / with”. Apples and pears!

② 만 = only.

③ 까지 = up to / until.

④ 에서 = at a place / from.


💡 Tip: A ( ) B (both) → -하고 (= -와/과)!


Question 4

친구 생일입니다. 친구(       ) 선물을 줍니다.

① 도② 를③ 에서④ 에게


🔽 See the answer (Question 4)

Q: 친구 생일입니다. 친구( ) 선물을 줍니다.
(It is my friend’s birthday. I give a gift ( ) my friend.)
👉 Give TO whom? (a person)

A: ✅④ 에게 → For a person, use “-에게”. To my friend!

① 도 = also.

② 를 = object marker (-을/를).

③ 에서 = at a place / from.


💡 Tip: a person + give/send → -에게 (= -한테)!


Question 5

다른 것은 없습니다. 물(       ) 있습니다.

① 을② 만③ 도④ 로


🔽 See the answer (Question 5)

Q: 다른 것은 없습니다. 물( ) 있습니다.
(There is nothing else. There is ( ) water.)
👉 Nothing else, water “only”?

A: ✅② 만 → “-만” means “only”. Only water!

① 을 = object marker (-을/를); a verb should follow.

③ 도 = also.

④ 로 = by / with (a way or tool).


💡 Tip: only one thing → -만!


Question 6

이것은 제 것이 아닙니다. 동생(       ) 가방입니다.

① 도② 만③ 의④ 을


🔽 See the answer (Question 6)

Q: 이것은 제 것이 아닙니다. 동생( ) 가방입니다.
(This is not mine. It is my sibling’s ( ) bag.)
👉 Whose bag?

A: ✅③ 의 → “의” means “of (possession)”. My sibling’s bag!

① 도 = also.

② 만 = only.

④ 을 = object marker (-을/를); a verb should follow.


💡 Tip: whose thing (possession) → -의!


Question 7

방이 덥습니다. 그래서 창문(       ) 엽니다.

① 에② 의③ 을④ 이


🔽 See the answer (Question 7)

Q: 방이 덥습니다. 그래서 창문( ) 엽니다.
(The room is hot. So I open the window ( ).)
👉 Open WHAT? (object)

A: ✅③ 을 → “-을/를” marks the object (what). Open the window!

① 에 = to a place / time.

② 의 = of (possession).

④ 이 = subject marker (-이/가).


💡 Tip: do something to WHAT → -을/를! (“창문” ends in a consonant, so -을)


Question 8

저는 아침에 학교(       ) 갑니다.

① 에② 에서③ 을④ 도


🔽 See the answer (Question 8)

Q: 저는 아침에 학교( ) 갑니다.
(In the morning I go ( ) school.)
👉 Go TO where? (destination)

A: ✅① 에 → “~에 가다” means the place you go to. To school!

② 에서 = the place of an action (학교에서 공부해요); not used with 가다.

③ 을 = object marker (-을/를).

④ 도 = also.


💡 Tip: -에 vs -에서! 가다·오다 → -에 (학교에 가요) · do something → -에서 (학교에서 공부해요)

③ How to memorize the particles easily

Now you have practiced, here is the fastest way to grow your TOPIK I reading vocabulary.

  1. Learn each particle by its role. 을/를 (what), 에 (to a place), 에서 (place of action), 에게 (to a person), 의 (whose).
  2. Focus on the tricky pair: 에 ↔ 에서. (가다 → 에, do something → 에서)
  3. 을/를 rule: after a consonant → 을, after a vowel → 를.
  4. Read out loud. Your ear will learn the natural particle.

🤖Practice with AI: a Korean particle game

You can practice TOPIK I reading alone with AI — and grow your Korean speaking too!

First, turn on the AI’s voice (read-aloud).

Then answer out loud in Korean. The game is played only in Korean.🗣️

“Let’s play a Korean particle game. Please speak only in Korean during the game — no English. You read a short sentence with one blank in Korean (for example: 학교 ( ) 갑니다), and I say the correct particle out loud in Korean (for example: 에). Give me 10 quickly, then tell me my score in Korean. Use only beginner words.”

⚠️ AI can make mistakes.

Always check with real past exams at the end. AI is for practice; the past exams are the answer key.

Summary

  • A particle gives a noun its role. Read the sentence and choose the role.
  • Always split 에 (go to) vs 에서 (do something / from).
  • 을/를 depends on the final letter: 밥을 / 사과를.

Well done! Keep practicing, and you can all pass TOPIK Level 2. 🎉

Have a question? Please leave a comment.

See you in the next lesson!

📢 want to practice TOPIKⅠ Listening next? 👉 [ TOPIKⅠ Listening ] 

FAQ

Q: What are TOPIK I reading questions 34–39?

A: They ask you to fill a blank with the right word — a particle, noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. Each question is worth 2 points.

Q: How do I choose the right particle?

A: Each particle has a role. Read the sentence and pick the role it needs: object (을/를), destination (에), place of action (에서), to a person (에게), or possession (의).

Q: What is the difference between 에 and 에서?

A: Use 에 for the place you go to (학교에 가요). Use 에서 for the place where you do something (학교에서 공부해요) or “from.”